Auto-ignition and detonation of n-butanol and toluene reference fuel blends (TRF)

The primary purpose of the paper is to report a study auto-ignitive and anti-knock properties, firstly neat n-butanol in air, secondly its blends with gasoline-type, Toluene Reference Fuel (TRF). This involved blending ratios 10, 20, 40, 85% by volume TRF. Pressures were range 2–6 MPa, temperatures ranged from 678 916 K. Mathematical modelling detailed chemical kinetics for these conditions, using CANTERA code, yielded values duration main heat release rate, revealed reactions influencing them. High knock intensities not anticipated, but checks made whether operational points lay within Detonation Peninsula. peninsula constructed plotting ξ, ratio acoustic velocity, against ɛ, transit time an wave through hot spot, (τe). At 2 MPa 702–855 K, addition TRF moved coordinates away towards deflagrative regime. blend 85%, mixtures pure found lie close compression curve methane, known have good properties. suggests that gasoline would improve resistance at this operating condition. However, 6 had opposite effect, reducing pushing it deeper into peninsula. Uncertainties limitations ξ/ɛ methodology are also discussed.